What happened to Pompeii’s people?

Pompeii was once a lively resort town, full of taverns, grand homes, and everyday moments that feel surprisingly familiar. People walked its well-paved streets, unaware that life as they knew it would vanish in an instant. When Mount Vesuvius erupted, everything was buried under a thick layer of ash, leaving its people frozen in time. Today, you can see the casts in the preserved city of Pompeii, a haunting yet fascinating window into the past.

Pompeii remains | Quick facts

📅 Year of death

79 AD

🌋 Cause of death

High-temperature pyroclastic flow from Mount Vesuvius

🔢 Number of deaths

2000 people

⚰️ Cast material

Plaster

What to expect from Pompeii remains

From well-preserved streets to everyday objects, here’s what you’ll find:

1️⃣ Human casts & remains

See the haunting plaster casts of Pompeii’s residents, frozen in their final moments. These casts provide an intimate look at daily Roman life before the eruption.

📍 Where to find them:

  • Garden of the Fugitives (Regio I, Insula 21): A group of victims who attempted to flee.
  • Forum Granaries (Regio VII, Insula 7): Preserved human casts alongside ancient storage containers.
  • Piazza Anfiteatro entrance: Displays around 20 victim casts.
  • House of Stallust, Macellum, Stabian Baths: Additional locations with human remains.
  • Pompeii Archaeological Museum (Naples): Houses some of the most detailed casts and artifacts.

2️⃣ Well-preserved artifacts & everyday objects

Pompeii offers an unparalleled glimpse into ancient Roman life through its remarkably preserved objects.

📍 What you can see & where:

  • Frescoes & wall paintings – House of the Vettii, Villa of the Mysteries
  • Mosaics & floor art – House of the Faun
  • Kitchenware & household items – Bakery of Modestus
  • Public baths & changing rooms – Stabian Baths
  • Graffiti & inscriptions – Various locations across Pompeii
  • Theaters & entertainment spaces – Large Theater, Odeon

3️⃣ Pompeii’s best-preserved buildings & streets

Walk through original Roman streets and visit intact structures that have survived for nearly 2,000 years.

📍 Notable sites to explore:

  •  The Forum – The heart of Pompeii’s political and social life.
  • Bakery of Modestus – A preserved ancient bakery, complete with ovens and bread.
  • House of the Faun – One of the largest and most luxurious homes in Pompeii.
  • Amphitheater of Pompeii – The oldest surviving Roman amphitheater.
The pregnant woman
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The pregnant woman

A woman was found lying in the middle of a narrow street. People often referred to her as the pregnant woman, but that might have just been an illusion caused by the way her clothes were gathered.

The master and the slave

Two men were discovered side by side. One, likely in his 30s or 40s, had a strong build and traces of wool near his neck, suggesting he was a man of status dressed in a tunic. The other, much younger—around 18 to 23—wore a pleated tunic and had compressed vertebrae, a sign of heavy labor. He was likely a slave.

The merchant

The merchant died with his hands raised, a metal nail pinning his head and arm. His wrist bones showed severe arthritis, and breaks in his upper arm suggest he had taken a hard fall at some point.

The farmer’s daughter

Among the remains of a young couple was their child—the youngest victim found in Pompeii. Based on her teeth, she was around 12 to 14 months old when the disaster struck.

The two maidens

Originally thought to be two women, these embraced figures turned out to be two men—one about 18, the other roughly 20 years older. At first, they were assumed to be father and son, but tests showed they weren’t related, hinting at the possibility of a romantic bond.

The shackled slave

Chained to a wall with no way to escape, this slave had no choice but to face his fate. His body was found face down, a heartbreaking reminder of just how powerless he was when the volcano erupted.

The pet

One of the most heartbreaking finds in Pompeii is the cast of a guard dog, discovered still chained outside the House of Orpheus. The bronze studs on its collar mark its role as a protector, left behind as its owners fled.

Frequently asked questions about Pompeii people

Is it possible that there are more skeletal remains that are yet to be unearthed at Pompeii?

Yes, archaeologists believe that there are still undiscovered skeletal remains in Pompeii. Excavations are ongoing, and new human remains continue to be found in unexcavated areas or beneath layers of volcanic ash and debris.

Did the recovered bodies belong only to members of wealth and nobility?

No, the recovered bodies include people from various social classes. While some remains belong to wealthier individuals, evidenced by jewelry and lavish homes, many were common citizens, slaves, and workers who were unable to escape the eruption.

What impacts do volcanic events have on the bodies of people?

Volcanic events like the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD cause rapid exposure to extreme heat, which can vaporize soft tissues instantly. Bodies were often encased in volcanic ash, preserving voids where the remains decomposed, allowing modern archaeologists to create plaster casts of the victims.

Does Mount Vesuvius still pose an active threat to visitors today?

Yes, Mount Vesuvius is still an active volcano and considered one of the most dangerous in the world due to its proximity to densely populated areas. While it is closely monitored, an eruption could occur in the future, making it a potential threat.

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